Factsheet #7

Literacy and Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities affect at least 10% of Canadians. More than 80% of these experience difficulty in learning to read.

Learning disabilities (LD) are now recognized as a lifelong neurological disorder that is the result of a difference in brain structure and function. Learning disabilities impact the learning process, including language learning and the acquisition of literacy skills. LD’s can be divided into five types.

For the newly revised, full definition of learning disabilities consult the Learning Disabilities Association of Canada at www.ldac-taac.ca

People with learning disabilities CAN learn with the appropriate supports. Learning disabilities need not prevent an individual from leading a productive and happy life. LDs are not due to a lack of intelligence but rather to deficiencies in acquiring and processing information. In fact people with LDs often have average or above-average intelligence but the LD affects their ability to interpret what they see or hear or to link information from different parts of the brain. They can learn but the learning process may be inefficient as a result of differences in brain structure and function. The right learning strategies, techniques, supports and interventions can impact the learning process in significant and positive ways.

It is estimated that 30 - 80% of students in literacy and basic education programs have learning disabilities. Learning disabilities affect at least 30% of the less literate population. Researchers have found that if LD intervention is not provided before the age of 8, then there is a 75% probability of reading difficulties continuing into high school. At that point, 35% of students who are identified with learning disabilities drop out of high school. This is twice the rate of non-LD peers. This drop out rate does not include students who drop out but are not identified with learning disabilities. As adults many arrive in literacy and basic skills programs, however the majority drop out as programs are still not funded to be able to meet their special needs.

Learning and literacy difficulties limit participation in all aspects of society. Many adults are not aware that the problems they had in school, jobs or relationships are due to "hidden" or undiagnosed LDs. These difficulties are often compounded by, or result in, literacy problems. Disproportionate numbers of adults with LDs can be found in prisons (30 - 70%), on welfare (25 - 40%) and in job training programs (15 - 30%).

What can be done?

Suggested Literacy and Learning Disabilities Resources