D. Environment

The great majority of learners spoke in very positive terms about their learning environment, and indicated that it was critically important. They reported that the environment was especially vital in developing and fostering a positive self image, their voice and an opening up to learning.

Their comments lead us to consider what elements of the environment might be needed to promote learning and build a learner identity. Learners reported that the program environment helped them to persist in their program, especially when they experienced learning challenges. The elements they commented on referred to an environment that:

• was safe, comfortable, relaxed
• was non-judgmental
• was flexible (in terms of attendance and hours)
• was mutually respectful (between learners and between practitioners and learners)
• was respectful of and accommodated their learning style and pace
• was fun
• encouraged risk-taking, speaking up, asking questions
• provided the opportunity to develop their learning skills: asking and answering questions, listening, problem-solving, learning from other learners
• fostered the opportunity to develop social relationships with fellow learners, to be part of a learning community and to feel less isolated
• offered both small group and one-to-one learning opportunities

The majority of learners spoke of a need to feel safe, accepted and respected before they could persist in a program. For some learners, safety and comfort had to do with having people to talk to who they felt they could trust. Jean said she "doesn't trust anybody" and she felt she had to protect herself most of the time by going "into my own shell". However, in a program where there was mutual respect and trust she reported, "my mask is off" because "I feel comfortable here...It is safe for me here." As a result, she felt more comfortable asking questions and being around people. She also felt "I can say what's on my mind and feel comfortable saying it." A few learners reported that their program provided a safe haven from violence at home or out in the community.