FINDINGS

This section will provide the reader with the results of the research. The sources of information include a literature review, focus group sessions, interviews with teachers and students, and general observation of the school setting. In general, the Focus Groups and individual interviews found that prison schools are full of individuals who find meaning and purpose in furthering their educational potential. The schools in these five sites offer a positive environment which is significantly different from the "inmate code" which exists in other parts of the prison. This inmate code, while less pronounced in minimum security prisons, influences a great deal of the activities which occur in prisons. The prison environment must be understood to properly understand literacy work behind bars.

The Prison Environment

People who are sentenced to prison enter a world unto its own. An inmate "code" or social system has evolved over time which allows the prisoner to survive in this world. According to Griffiths and Verdun-Jones (1994),

The major components of the inmate social system include: (1) a code of behavior; (2) a hierarchy of power among the inmates; (3) an "informal" economic system, which provides illicit goods and services; and (4) a variety of social or "argot" roles assumed by prisoners. The convict code is designed to increase inmate solidarity and implores prisoners not to exploit one another, to be strong in confronting the deprivations of confinement, and to assume an oppositional stance toward prison authorities (p. 504).

The reality is that prison schools are located within the walls of prisons, and the learning environment is affected by this fact. Johnson (1987:55-73), argues that prisoners can increase chances of success if it is done through mature coping. He claims,

...mature coping (1) deals with problems in a straightforward manner rather than engaging in denial and manipulation; (2) avoiding the use of deception and violence in addressing problems; and (3) making an effort to care for oneself and others, for example, being altruistic. The potential for positive responses to this environment is determined by the individual, the staff and administration of the institution (In Griffiths & Verdun-Jones, 1994, p. 504).

The inmate code is more pronounced in prisons with higher security ratings (ie. medium or maximum). Both Rockwood and Riverbend Institutions are minimum security prisons.